Abstract: Traditional medical microbiology experiment teaching is constrained by factors such as limited class hours, procedural unpredictability, and spatiotemporal restrictions, leading to suboptimal classroom outcomes and low student engagement. In recent years, emerging pedagogical approaches like virtual simulation and extracurricular platforms have gained prominence in classroom instruction. This paper takes the limitations of traditional medical microbiology experimental teaching as the starting point, focusing on the integration of the“virtual simulation+second classroom”teaching model into the medical microbiology laboratory curriculum. From three perspectives-analyzing the root causes of problems, establishing implementation pathways, and evaluating expected outcomes-it systematically elucidates the necessity and significance of adopting the“virtual simulation+second classroom”teaching approach. Additionally, it explores future directions for medical microbiology experimental teaching, aiming to provide new insights for advancing the reform of clinical microbiology laboratory education.

Key words: Virtual simulation, Second classroom, Organic integration, Medical microbiology experiments, Teaching reform, Practical innovation