Abstract: Probability statistics is a powerful tool to solve the problem of randomness, which has a wide range of applications. Combined with probability and statistics examples, this paper discusses the cultivation of students' thinking quality in probability and statistics teaching from four aspects: the thinking quality of "comparison and association", random thinking quality, multi-directional divergent thinking quality and reverse thinking quality. It aims to improve students' ability to analyze and deal with random problems, improve their internal mathematical literacy, enhance their innovation ability and achieve all-round development.

Key words: Comparison and association, Random thinking, Multi-directional divergent thinking, Reverse thinking